| HS Code | 807724 |
| Productname | Polylactic Acid (PLA) REVODE213TR |
| Chemicalname | Polylactic Acid |
| Casnumber | 26100-51-6 |
| Appearance | Transparent natural pellets |
| Density | 1.25 g/cm³ |
| Meltflowindex | 20 g/10 min (190°C/2.16 kg) |
| Meltingpoint | 170°C |
| Glasstransitiontemperature | 60°C |
| Tensilestrength | 60 MPa |
| Elongationatbreak | 5% |
| Flexuralstrength | 90 MPa |
| Flexuralmodulus | 3500 MPa |
| Notchedizodimpactstrength | 3 kJ/m² |
| Heatdeflectiontemperature | 55°C (0.45 MPa) |
| Vicatsofteningpoint | 60°C |
| Biobasedcontent | >90% |
| Biodegradability | Compostable |
| Processingmethod | Injection molding |
As an accredited Polylactic Acid (PLA) REVODE213TR factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Polylactic Acid (PLA) REVODE213TR packaged in 25 kg moisture-barrier foil-lined bags, sealed and palletized for industrial shipment. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: 20 MT Polylactic Acid (PLA) REVODE213TR in 25 kg bags, palletized, shrink-wrapped, moisture-protected, labeled, securely loaded. |
| Shipping | Shipping description: Polylactic Acid (PLA) REVODE213TR, non-hazardous polymer resin; not regulated as dangerous goods under DOT, IMDG, IATA, or ADR. Transport in clean, dry, sealed moisture-barrier packaging. Protect from heat, sunlight, and contamination. No UN number, hazard class, or packing group assigned. Follow supplier SDS and local rules. |
| Storage | Store Polylactic Acid (PLA) REVODE213TR in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and moisture. Keep original containers tightly closed, labeled, and off the floor. Protect from humidity and static discharge; avoid dust. Use first-in, first-out. Recommended: below 30°C and low relative humidity. Keep away from incompatible oxidizers and strong acids/bases. |
| Shelf Life | Stored cool and dry in original packaging, away from moisture and heat, PLA REVODE213TR typically has a 12-month shelf life. |
Sheet extrusion of Polylactic Acid (PLA) REVODE213TR for thermoformed cold-fill produce punnets and dairy cups begins with desiccant drying at 80 °C to a dew point of −40 °C until residual moisture is below 250 ppm (ISO 15512:2019). A single-screw extruder with 30:1 L/D, a barrier screw, a melt pump, and a 200–400 µm screen pack is used; barrel zone set points of 175/185/195/205/200 °C maintain melt temperature at 200–210 °C at the sheet die. Hydrolysis is the dominant failure mode when moisture enters the melt: at 210 °C, residual moisture above 250 ppm reduces intrinsic viscosity by 5–15% within 10 min, producing edge tear during forming and melt fracture on the sheet surface. The roll stack is operated with first-roll temperature at 25 °C, second at 35 °C, and third at 45 °C for 0.5–1.2 mm sheet; lower roll temperatures are used below 0.3 mm because thin sheet tends to stick to a hot roll. Forming is performed at sheet surface temperatures of 85–105 °C with a syntactic foam plug held at 80–95 °C and forming air pressure of 3.5–6.0 bar. Female mould temperature is maintained at 25–45 °C; below 25 °C the article frosts, above 45 °C cycle time lengthens without crystallinity improvement. Trim scrap can be reintroduced at 25–30 wt%; above 30 wt% the carboxylic acid end groups in reprocessed PLA accelerate hydrolytic degradation and the melt flow rate shifts upward by 2–3 g/10 min after three heat cycles (ISO 1133-1:2022). Post-forming annealing at 80 °C for 30 min raises crystallinity from below 5% to 35–40% and increases Vicat softening temperature from 55 °C to approximately 95 °C (ISO 306:2022), but longitudinal shrinkage of 1.2–1.8% must be compensated in the thermoforming cavity dimensions.
| Parameter | Set point | Deviation limit | Test/control method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residual moisture after drying | <250 ppm | ±20 ppm | ISO 15512:2019 |
| Barrel zone temperatures | 175/185/195/205/200 °C | ±5 °C | thermocouple logging |
| Calender roll temperatures | 25/35/45 °C | ±2 °C | IR pyrometer |
| Sheet surface forming temperature | 85–105 °C | ±3 °C | contact thermocouple |
| Female mould temperature | 25–45 °C | ±2 °C | cooling water manifold |
| Regrind ratio | 25–30 wt% | max 30 wt% | in-plant gravimetric dosing |
| Melt pressure before screen pack | 80–120 bar | max 140 bar | melt pressure transducer |
Injection moulding of REVODE213TR into drinkware and dessert cups uses a reciprocating screw with 20:1 to 24:1 L/D and a compression ratio of 2.0–2.5:1; barrel set points are 175/185/195/200/195 °C from feed throat to nozzle. Molten PLA at 190–200 °C is injected at 60–100 MPa with hold pressure at 40–70 MPa. Mould temperature is held at 15–30 °C, because a higher mould temperature triggers cold crystallisation haze but a lower temperature causes filling defects in thin ribs. Cooling time for a 1.2 mm wall is 8–15 s; ejection below 55 °C prevents gate deformation and stack scrap. Splay and silver streaking on the part surface are the first field indicator of moisture carryover; resin sampled at the feed throat should remain below 250 ppm by Karl Fischer titration. The principal post-mould risk is physical ageing: an amorphous PLA tableware item stored at 23 °C/50% RH undergoes enthalpy relaxation that can reduce notched impact strength by a measurable amount within 30–60 days under ISO 179-1:2010; comparative mechanical testing should therefore be conditioned per ISO 291:2008 and reported with specimen age. Hot runner systems are not recommended unless all wetted surfaces are purged immediately after cycle interruption, because dead zones at 200 °C can produce lactide reformation and an upward MFR shift.
Fused deposition modelling filament from REVODE213TR is produced on a single-screw extrusion line with a closed-loop diameter gauge and a water trough held at 38–42 °C. The resin is dried to below 200 ppm residual moisture, then extruded at 190–200 °C through a die orifice of 2.0 mm with a draw ratio of 1.1–1.3 to target 1.75 ± 0.03 mm filament. Melt strength limits the lower draw ratio; excessive melt temperature causes die swell and ovality above 0.03 mm. Spooling tension is maintained at 0.1–0.3 N to prevent cold drawing that would raise crystallinity inconsistently along the spool. When printed, the filament is extruded through a nozzle at 205–215 °C onto a build plate at 55–60 °C; parts with a long axis above 100 mm require a raft or brim because PLA exhibits anisotropic shrinkage of 0.3–0.5% in the XY plane and 0.8–1.0% in Z. Typical printed tensile values fall within 50–60 MPa tensile strength and 3.2–3.6 GPa tensile modulus when tested per ISO 527-2:2012. Annealing printed parts at 80 °C for 30 min raises heat deflection temperature but produces additional shrinkage of 0.5–1.0%; functional mating features should be printed with negative allowance equal to the measured Z-axis shrinkage.
For paperboard-based compostable service trays and cups, REVODE213TR is applied as an extrusion coating at 15–30 g/m² on corona-treated board with surface energy of 42–46 mN/m. The extruder profile is 180/195/205/205/200 °C, and the die is set to 0.5 mm gap with a nip pressure of 25–35 N/mm; melt temperature above 210 °C increases neck-in to 35–40 mm and produces volatile lactide deposition on the die lip, while below 195 °C adhesion to the board drops below practical peel strength. Peel adhesion measured by ISO 11339:2022 should exceed 1.5 N/15 mm; without a primer or a coextruded tie layer, adhesion on clay-coated board is frequently below this threshold. PLA coating provides moderate water vapour barrier, with WVTR in the range of 30–50 g/m²/day at 38 °C/90% RH when tested per ASTM F1249-20; this is sufficient for cold-fill beverage service board but not for retort or long-shelf-life dry products. Coextrusion with PBAT or PBS improves tear resistance and peel adhesion but reduces the biogenic carbon fraction measured by ASTM D6866-22; converters specify the coextruded layer ratio based on the final EN 13432:2000 disintegration window.
| Regulation/standard | Scope | Threshold/method |
|---|---|---|
| EU 10/2011 | Plastic food-contact articles | overall migration 10 mg/dm² in aqueous/acidic simulants; 60 mg/kg for infant food contact |
| EN 13432:2000 | Packaging compostability | biodegradation ≥90% in 180 days; disintegration ≥90% to 2 mm in 12 weeks |
| ASTM D6400-23 | Compostable plastics | ≥90% organic carbon conversion; regulated metals below 50% of US EPA limits |
| ISO 527-2:2012 | Tensile testing | test speed 50 mm/min for rigid specimens |
| ISO 179-1:2010 | Charpy impact | condition 23 °C/50% RH per ISO 291:2008 |
| ASTM D6866-22 | Biobased carbon | biogenic carbon fraction expressed as % total organic carbon |
Injection stretch blow moulding of single-use dairy substitute bottles from REVODE213TR requires a two-stage process: preform injection on an 80–120 tonnes clamp force press with valve gate diameter 1.5–2.0 mm, followed by infrared preform conditioning to a surface temperature of 80–95 °C and a core temperature of 75–90 °C. Preform set points are 190–200 °C melt temperature and 10–15 °C preform mould coolant, yielding an amorphous preform with low haze. The conditioning window is constrained by the glass transition at approximately 55–60 °C and the cold crystallisation onset near 95–100 °C; a surface temperature overshoot of as little as 3 °C across the preform circumference produces visible sidewall pearl and uneven wall thickness after blow. Stretch ratios are limited to 2.0–2.8 axial and 2.5–3.5 radial; above these values the wall thickness standard deviation increases beyond ±0.15 mm on a 0.5 mm nominal wall. Blow pressure is 0.8–1.2 MPa and blow mould temperature is 15–25 °C. Published data for this specific REVODE213TR configuration is limited, and the above ranges represent general PLA injection stretch blow moulding practice; a preform heating study should be run before tool release.
Injection moulding of disposable promotional trays and tea-light cups from REVODE213TR follows the identical drying, barrel, and mould temperature settings as transparent serviceware; runner balancing and ejection stroke adjustments are the only additional tooling requirements.
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Polylactic Acid (PLA) REVODE213TR is a pelletized, semi-crystalline poly(L-lactic acid) injection-molding grade within the REVODE series supplied by Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd. The formulation is directed toward rigid food-service articles, thin-wall transparent packaging, cosmetic closures, and technical components requiring controlled melt flow, low warpage, and compatibility with industrial composting schemes. Supplier literature describes a controlled D-lactic acid content below 2.0 mol%; this compositional limit suppresses rapid spherulitic crystallization during cooling, allowing transparent parts to be molded at cavity temperatures of 20 °C to 40 °C without post-mold annealing. Mechanical testing is performed on specimens conditioned for 40 h at 23 °C ± 2 °C and 50 % ± 5 % relative humidity according to ISO 291:2008. For food-contact end uses, lot-specific conformity statements should be obtained from the supplier because migration behavior depends on article geometry, use temperature, and food simulant type under EU Regulation 10/2011 and applicable food-contact notifications in the United States.
Moisture uptake in PLA occurs rapidly above 60 % relative humidity; therefore REVODE213TR must be dried before melt processing. A desiccant-bed or membrane dryer with a dew point of −40 °C or lower and an inlet-air temperature of 80 °C ± 5 °C is specified for 4 h to 6 h, targeting residual moisture below 250 ppm. Karl Fischer titration according to ISO 15512:2019 is used to verify moisture content. If drying is omitted at high ambient humidity, hydrolytic degradation during plastication reduces molecular weight; melt flow rate may increase by more than 10 g/10 min relative to the certified value, and notched Izod impact may fall below 2.5 kJ/m². The melt temperature window at the nozzle is 190 °C to 210 °C, with maximum barrel residence time limited to 5 min. Exceeding 230 °C promotes lactide reformation, yellowing, and an increase in acetaldehyde; processing below 180 °C raises melt viscosity enough to cause screw recovery torque faults and short shots in thin-wall sections. Mold temperature is held at 20 °C to 40 °C. Mold temperatures above 60 °C are not recommended for unpigmented REVODE213TR because cycle time increases without a commensurate gain in crystallinity.
Comparative mechanical data for REVODE213TR are generated on specimens injection-molded under ISO 294-1:2017 conditions and conditioned per ISO 291:2008. Tensile yield stress is typically reported at 58 MPa to 65 MPa at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min according to ASTM D638-14; elongation at break remains in the 2 % to 5 % range, consistent with rigid PLA rather than impact-modified PLA. Flexural modulus is typically 3300 MPa to 3600 MPa per ISO 178:2019. Notched Izod impact at 23 °C is 2.5 kJ/m² to 4.0 kJ/m² per ASTM D256-10. Heat deflection temperature under 0.45 MPa load is 55 °C to 60 °C per ISO 75-2:2013 method B. The table below compares these values with general amorphous PLA grades; the ranges are representative, not substitutes for certified lot data.
| Property | Test method | REVODE213TR typical range | General amorphous PLA typical range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.24 g/cm³ | 1.24 g/cm³ |
| Melt flow rate | ISO 1133-1:2022, 210 °C/2.16 kg | 12 g/10 min to 18 g/10 min | 20 g/10 min to 35 g/10 min |
| Tensile yield stress | ASTM D638-14 | 58 MPa to 65 MPa | 55 MPa to 63 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ASTM D638-14 | 2 % to 5 % | 2 % to 4 % |
| Flexural modulus | ISO 178:2019 | 3300 MPa to 3600 MPa | 3000 MPa to 3500 MPa |
| Notched Izod impact | ASTM D256-10 | 2.5 kJ/m² to 4.0 kJ/m² | 2.0 kJ/m² to 3.0 kJ/m² |
| Heat deflection temperature | ISO 75-2:2013, method B | 55 °C to 60 °C | 50 °C to 55 °C |
| Vicat softening temperature | ISO 306:2013, A50 | 58 °C to 62 °C | 55 °C to 60 °C |
Melt viscosity of REVODE213TR at 210 °C and 100 s⁻¹ is approximately 250 Pa·s to 400 Pa·s, measured by capillary rheometry according to ISO 11443:2021. The grade exhibits pseudoplastic behavior; the power-law index n is observed between 0.60 and 0.70 over a shear-rate range of 50 s⁻¹ to 1000 s⁻¹. This shear-thinning response reduces filling pressure in thin-wall flow lengths. On production-scale injection molding machines, an all-purpose screw with an L/D ratio of 20:1 to 24:1 and compression ratio of 2.2:1 to 2.8:1 is used; screw recovery is typically limited to 50 rpm to 120 rpm to avoid adiabatic heating above 240 °C. Hot-runner systems with externally heated manifolds and valve-gate nozzles are preferred because open hot-runner tips can stagnate PLA and form black specks. The material is incompatible with amine-based chain extenders and certain metal stearates that accelerate transesterification; compounding with maleic anhydride-grafted rubbers may raise impact but can suppress compostability if the additive level exceeds 5 wt%. Drying in hoppers with uncontrolled air temperature above 90 °C should be avoided because pellets can sinter and bridge the feed throat.
Thin-wall injection-molded parts are produced from REVODE213TR at wall thicknesses from 0.8 mm to 2.5 mm. In transparent cup and lid molds with 4 to 8 cavities and hot-runner valve gates, cycle times of 12 s to 18 s have been reported on hydraulic clamping units of 1000 kN to 1500 kN; published data for this specific configuration is limited, and processor qualification trials are required. The recommended melt cushion is 3 mm to 5 mm, and hold pressure is typically 60 MPa to 80 MPa. Packing time should be minimized to prevent overpacking, which increases molded-in stress and environmental stress cracking when parts contact fatty food simulants. For disposable cutlery, the gate should be placed at the thickest section; a tunnel or submarine gate with diameter 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm is preferred. Mold release agents are not required on polished cavities during initial cycles because the grade forms a waxy surface skin; if ejection force increases, external release may be used below 0.1 wt% to avoid clouding.
Substitution of PET, high-impact polystyrene, or ABS with REVODE213TR requires redesign of runner and gate geometries rather than a drop-in material swap. Compared with amorphous PET, REVODE213TR has a lower recommended melt temperature by 40 °C to 70 °C and a narrower processing window; drying is similar in principle, but PLA hydrolyzes more rapidly above 250 °C. Compared with general-purpose PS, REVODE213TR exhibits higher melt viscosity, which increases injection pressure by 10 MPa to 25 MPa in thin-wall parts. Compared with ABS, REVODE213TR has lower notched impact strength and lower heat deflection temperature; ABS HDT at 1.8 MPa is commonly above 80 °C, whereas REVODE213TR remains below 60 °C. Within the REVODE series, REVODE213TR is positioned as a transparent injection grade with controlled low-D composition; high-flow extrusion grades used for fiber or nonwoven production have lower melt viscosity but poorer melt strength and are not interchangeable. Impact-modified PLA blends based on REVODE213TR may achieve notched Izod values above 10 kJ/m², but this typically requires 10 wt% to 20 wt% impact modifier and reduces flexural modulus by 20 % to 30 %.
Regulatory compliance for REVODE213TR should be confirmed against lot-specific supplier documentation. In the European Union, finished articles must comply with Regulation (EU) No 10/2011; specific migration limits for lactic acid and any additives must be met under the intended food simulant and contact temperature. In the United States, approval is generally established through manufacturer-specific food-contact notifications rather than a generic resin clearance; processors should request the relevant notification number from the supplier. Industrial compostability is assessed under EN 13432:2000, ASTM D6400-23, or ISO 17088:2021, but certification applies to the finished article and can be invalidated by ink, adhesive, or additive loadings above certified limits. The base resin is typically evaluated for REACH compliance under Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and for hazardous-substance restrictions under Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS). REVODE213TR is not suitable for microwave, oven, or retort applications; continuous-use temperature is bounded by the heat deflection temperature and by hydrolysis risk at temperatures above 60 °C in moist environments. PLA should also be kept out of PET recycling streams because density and melting-point differences create contamination in bottle reclaim operations.
